Tumors Immunology

It is central to our way of understanding the underlying mechanisms of both tumour rejection and tumour progression. Virtually every known cell type of the immune system is represented in the tumour microenvironment, but as yet the functional significance of intratumoral effector cells is not fully understood. Moreover, the complex interactions between these immune cells within the tumour have yet to be fully elucidated. Although many individual effector cells have the capacity to kill tumour cells in vitro, they are frequently suppressed within the tumour microenvironment through a range of mechanisms. In this article, the known functions of immune effector cells within the tumour and the suppressive processes limiting the function of those cells are described. The Main objectives of the tumour immunology should be to give us a better understanding of how to modify the immune system to fight against cancer. Few of the relevant applications of tumour immunotherapy are described.

Cancer is the major health problem which is bothering worldwide and one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The more Effectiveness of malignant tumors is because of their uncontrolled growth of the normal tissues, which in turn cause damage and functional impairment. The malignant phenotype of cancers reflects defects in regulation of cell proliferation, resistance of the tumor cells to apoptotic death, ability of the tumor cells to invade host tissues and metastasize to the innermost layers, of the body and tumor evasion of host immune defense mechanisms.